sac– {bag, sack}: cul-de-sac, sac, sacculate, saccule, sachet, sack (bag), sack (to plunder), sackcloth ●satchel || 
L saccus Gr sakkos : sack Sem
sacchar– {sugar}: monosaccharide, polysaccharide, saccharase, saccharic, saccharide, saccharify, saccharimeter, saccharin, saccharine || L saccharum : sugar Gr sakcharon Sans śarkarā : pebble, sugar
sacr– {sacred}: sacerdotal, sacrament, Sacramento, sacred, sacrifice, sacrilege, sacrilegious, sacristy, sacroiliac, sacrosanct, sacrum ●sexton (from sacristan) ●same as secr– ●see also sanct– || L sacrare : to consecrate, to make holy, to make inviolable sacer (gen. sacrum) : sacred, holy, consecrated
sag– {keen perception, knowledge}: presage, sagacious, sagacity ●unrelated: sage (wise man) || L sāgire : to perceive quickly, to feel keenly sagax (gen. sagācis) : keen, acute, having keen senses, mentally acute, shrewd
sagitt– {arrow}: Sagitta, sagittal, Sagittaridae, Sagittarius, sagittate || L sagitta : arrow
sal–1 {to leap}: salacious, salient, salientian, sally (to go forth) ●assail ●same as sault–, sil–1, sult– || L salīre (pp. saltum) : to leap, to spring 
saltus : a leap, a spring; freq. saltare : to dance, to leap about IE *sel– : to jump
sal–2 {salt}: salad, salami, sal ammoniac, salary, saliferous, salimeter, salina, Salina (Kansas), salinas, Salinas (California), saline, salsa, salt, saltern, saltine, saltpeter ●see also hal–2, sauc– || L sāl : salt, brine, seawater salīnus : salty; salārius : salt allowance, money given to soldiers for salt IE *sal– : salt
sal–3 {room, hall}: salon, saloon ●Ger. Saal || Fr salon It salone sala : a room, a hall Gmc root
salic– {willow}: acetylsalicylic, salicin, salicylic || L salīcis, gen. of salix : willow. Salicin is obtained from the bark of willows and poplars.
salom– {peace [in names of Hebraic origin]}: Absalom, Salome ●Solomon ●Heb. shalom || Gr Heb shalom : peace
salt– {to leap, to spring}: saltant, saltarello, saltation, saltigrade ●same as sal–1, sault–, sil–1, sult– || L saltum (pp. of salīre) : to leap, to spring saltus : a leap, a spring; freq. saltare : to dance, to leap about IE *sel– : to jump
salu– {good health}: salubrious, salutary, salutation, salutatorian, salute ●Sp. salud ●see also salv– || L salus (gen salūtis) : health, soundness, well-being salvus : safe, well, sound salvēre : to to be well, to be in good health; salūbris : healthful, salubrious; salūtare : to wish well, to greet
salv– {safe, unharmed}: El Salvador, salvage, salvation, salver, salvo, salvor ●save, savior ●see also salu– || L salvus : safe, well, sound salvēre : to to be well, to be in good health L salus (gen salūtis) : health, soundness, well-being
sample– {to buy, to obtain, to take}: example, sample ●see also em– || OFr example, L exemplium : sample, example eximere : to take out ex– : out + emere (pp. emptum) : to buy
san– {healthy}: cordon sanitaire, insane, mens sana in corpore sano, sanative, sane, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanitize, sanity || L sānus : healthy, sound sānitās : health, soundness
sanct– {sacred, holy}: inner sanctum, sacrosanct, sanctify, sanctimonious, sanction, sanctity, sanctuary, sanctum sanctorum ●saint, Santa ●see also sacr– || L sanctus : holy, consecrated sancire (pp. sanctum) : to consecrate, to hallow sanctio (gen sanctiōnis) : the article or clause in a law that defines the penalty or gives the law its force
sang– {blood}: consanguineous, exsanguinate, sang-froid, Sangre de Cristo, sangria, sanguinary, sanguine, sanguineous ●Sp. sangre || L †sanguis (gen. sanguinis) : blood
sap– {taste, discrimination, wisdom}: Homo Sapiens, sap (fluid), sapid, sapient, sapor ●insipid, sage (elderly wise man) ●Sp. sabroso ●see also sav– || L sapere : to have a taste or flavor part. sapiens : having taste sapienta : taste, discrimination, wisdom, good sense; sapor : taste
sapon– {soap}: saponaceous, saponated, saponify, saponite || L sāpōnis, gen. of sāpo : soap Celt
sapr– {putrefaction, decay}: sapremia, saprobic, saprogenic, saprolite, saprophagous, saprophyte, saprozoic || Gr sapros : rotten
sarc– {flesh}: anasarca, ectosarc, sarcasm, sarcoid, sarcoma, sarcophagus || Gr sarx (comb. form sarko–) : flesh
sartor– {tailor}: sartor, sartorial, sartorius || L sartum, pp. of sarcire : to mend, to patch to repair LL sartor : tailor
sat– {to fill up}: satiate, satiety, satire, satisfactory, satisfy, saturate ●asset || L satis : enough, sufficient satiare : to satisfy, to fill; satur : full, sated saturare : to satisfy, to fill
saturn– {the god Saturn}: Saturn, saturnalia, saturniid, saturnine ●Saturday || L Sāturnus : Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture
sauc– {sauce}: sauce, saucepan, saucer, saucy ●sausage ●from salsa, part of sal–2 || ME OFr sause, saulse L salsa, pl. of salsum : salted food, salty salīre : to salt sāl : salt, brine, seawater IE *sal– : salt
sauer– {sour}: sauerbraten, sauerkraut || Ger sauer : sour Saüre : acid
sault– {to leap}: assault, Sault St. Marie, somersault ●sauté ●same as sal–1, salt–, sil–1, sult– || OFr L salīre (pp. saltum) : to leap, to spring saltus : a leap, a spring IE *sel– : to jump
saur– {lizard}: dinosaur, megalosaur, pterosaur, saurian, saurischian, stegosaur, Tyrannosaurus Rex || Gr sauros : lizard
sav– {taste, discrimination, wisdom}: savant, savoir-faire, savor, savory, savvy ●see also sap– || OFr savoir : to know, to have wisdom L sapere : to have taste, to discern, to be wise
sax– {rock}: saxatile, saxicolous, saxifrage ●unrelated: saxophone || L saxum : rock, large stone saxifragus : stonebreaking
say– {to weigh, to try}: assay, essay || Anglo-Fr assai OFr essai : trial essayer VL exagiare LL exagium : a weight, weighing ex– : out + agere : to do, to drive
scal– {ladder, stairs, steps, to climb}: escalade, escalate, scalar, scale (to climb), scale (units of measurement) ●unrelated: scale (weighing device), scales (fish skin) || LL scala L scālae : flight of stairs, staircase, ladder scandere : to climb
scan–, scans–, scant– {scale, to scale, to climb}: scan, scandent, scansion, scansorial, scantling ●same as scend– || L scandere (pp. scansum) : to climb, to mount, to rise
scans– ●see scan–
scant– ●see scan–
scap– {to break loose, to escape}: escapade, escape, escapement, escapism, scapegoat, scapegrace ●unrelated: landscape || ME escapen NormFr escaper eschaper VL excappare L ex– : out of + cappa : cloak; literally, to get out of one’s cloak and leave it behind; to get away
scaph– {boat, ship}: bathyscaph, scaphoid, scaphopod || Gr skaphos : boat, hollow shell
scat– {excrement, filth}: scat (animal droppings), scatology, scatophagous || Gr skatos, gen. of skōr : excrement
scath– {to injure}: scathe, scathing, unscathed ●Ger. schaden || ME scathen ON skatha : to injure skathi : harm
scel– ●see skel–
scen– {stage, scene}: mise en scène, proscenium, scena, scenario, scene, scenery, scenic ●unrelated: obscene || L scena, scaena : the boards of the theater, the stage, the scene Gr skēnē : covered place, tent, stage
scend– {to climb}: ascend, condescend, descend, transcend, transcendental ●same as scan– || L –scendere (comb. form) (pp. –scensum) scandere (pp. scansum) : to climb
scept–, sceps– (British spelling) ●see skept–
schem– {scheme}: schema, schematic, schematism, scheme || L schema : shape, figure, form, fashion Gr schēma (gen schēmatos) : form, appearance, plan
schis– {to split}: schism, schist, schistosome, schistosomiasis ●same as schiz– || Gr schizein : to cleave, to cut schistos : cleft
schiz– {to split}: schizocarp, schizogenesis, schizogony, schizoid, Schizomida, schizophrenia, schizopod ●same as schis– || Gr schizein : to cleave, to cut schistos : cleft
schol– {school}: scholar, scholastic, scholiast, scholium ●school ●unrelated: school (of fish) || L schola : learned leisure, learned conversation, debate, a place where learned discussions are held, a school Gr scholē : leisure, that in which leisure is employed, discussion, philosophy, school
sci– {to know, knowledge}: adscititious, conscience, conscientious, conscious, nescience, omniscient, plebiscite, prescient, science, sciolist, subconscious, unconscionable || L scire (pp. scitum) : to know, to understand, to have knowledge part. sciens (gen. scientis) : knowing, understanding, aware IE *skei– : to cut, to split (“to separate one thing from another, to discern”)
scind– {to cut, to divide}: exscind, prescind, rescind ●same as sciss– || L scindere (pp. scissum) : to cut, to tear asunder, to split
scint– {spark, hence: a faint trace}: scintigraphy, scintilla, scintillate, scintillometer, scintiscanner || L scintilla : spark
sciss– {a cutting, a dividing}: abscissa, abscission, rescission, scissile, scission ●unrelated: scissors ●same as scind– || L scissum, pp. of scindere : to cut, to tear asunder, to split
scler– {hard}: atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, sclera, sclerenchyma, sclerite, scleritis, scleroma, sclerosis, sclerotomy, sclerous || Gr sklēros : hard
scop– {view}: episcopal, fluoroscope, horoscope, kaleidoscope, microscope, microscopic, oscilloscope, periscope, scope, scopophilia, stereoscope, telescope || Gr skopos : a mark, spy, watcher, object of attention, goal, target skopein : to see
scorb– {scurvy}: antiscorbutic, ascorbic acid, scorbutic ●scurvy || ML scorbutus : scurvy poss. of Germanic origin
scot–1 {darkness}: scotia, scotoma, scotopia || Gr skotos : darkness skotoun : to darken
scot–2 {Scotland, the Scots}: Nova Scotia, Scot, Scotch, Scotland, Scott, Scottish ●schottische || LL Scoti : a people of northern Britain, prob. OIr Scuit (pl. form) : the Irish
scot–3 {tax, money assessed or paid}: scot and lot, scot-free || ON skot : tribute, tax
scrib– {to write}: ascribe, circumscribe, describe, inscribe, prescribe, proscribe, scribble, scribe, subscribe, transcribe ●same as script– || L scrībere (pp. scriptum) : to engrave with a sharp-pointed instrument, to incise, to write scrība : scribe; scriptio : a writing, the act of writing; scriptura : a piece of writing, a composition
script– {written}: adscript, conscript, description, inscription, manuscript, postscript, prescription, script, scripture, subscript, subscription, superscript, superscription, transcript ●escritoire, scrip ●same as scrib– || L scriptum, pp. of scrībere : to engrave with a sharp-pointed instrument, to incise, to write scrība : scribe; scriptio : a writing, the act of writing; scriptura : a piece of writing, a composition
scrof– {of or like a hog}: scrofula, scrofulous, Sus scrofa (hog species) || L scrōfa : breeding sow
scrut– {to examine}: inscrutable, scrutinize, scrutiny || L scrūtari : to examine carefully, to search through scrūtātor : one who searches, investigator
scur– {dark}: chiaroscuro, obscure || L obscūrus : covered, dark, obscure
scut– {shield}: escutcheon, scutage, scutate, scute, scutellate, scutiform, scutum || L scūtum : shield
se– {apart, away, by oneself, self, itself}: felo de se, per se, secede, seclude, secret, secretary, secrete, secure, sedition, seduce, sedulous, segregrate, select, separate, sever, several ●same as sui– || L sē (gen. suī) : himself, herself, itself, themselves
seb– {fat}: sebaceous, sebiferous, seborrhea, sebum || L sēbum : tallow, suet, fat, grease
secr– {sacred}: consecrate, desecrate, execrate, obsecrate ●same as sacr– || L –secrare (comb. form) sacrare : to consecrate, to make holy, to make inviolable sacer (gen. sacrum) : sacred, holy, consecrated
sect– {to cut}: bisect, dissect, insect, intersect, prosector, section, sector, transect, vivisection ●secant, segment ●unrelated: sect || L sectum, pp. of secare : to cut, to cut out sectio (gen. sectiōnis) : a cutting
secu– {to follow, to pursue, to ensue}: consecutive, execute, executive, persecute, prosecute, secund, secundines ●second, secondary, sect, sectarian ●Sp. segundo ●same as sequ–, sue–, suit– || L secūtus, pp of sequi : to follow, to accompany, to ensue
sed– {to sit, to settle}: sedan, sedate, sedative, sedentary, sedilia, sediment, supersede ●séance ●same as sess–, sid– ●see also siz– || L sedēre (pp. sessum) : to sit, to be settled sēdare : to settle, to soothe, to allay sēdātio : an allaying, a soothing; sēdātus : having sat, settled IE *sed– : to sit
segu– ●see sequ–
seism– {earthquake}: microseism, seismic, seismograph, seismology, seismometer || Gr seismos : earthquake seiein : to shake
selen– {the Earth’s moon}: Selene, selenic, selenite, selenium, selenodesy, selenography, selenology || Gr selēnē : the Earth’s moon selas : light, brightness
sem(a)– {sign, symbol}: aposematic, semantic, semaphore, semasiology, sematic, sememe, semiology, semiotics || Gr sēma : sign, symbol
sembl– {same [appearance, time, place]}: assemble, assembly, dissemble, ensemble, resemble, semblance ●part of sim– || OFr –sembler (comb. form) VL L simulare : to make alike, to simulate simul : at the same time, together similis : like, resembling, similar, of the same kind
semi– {half, partially, not completely, twice per [the given period]}: semiannual, semicircle, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, semifinal, semiformal, semilunar, semimonthly, semipalmate, semiprecious, semiprivate, semiprofessional, semiquaver, semiskilled, semisweet, semitrailer ●see also hemi– ●compare tot– || L sēmi– : half sēmis : the half (of anything)
semin– {seed, to plant a seed, to sow}: disseminate, inseminate, seminal, seminar, seminary, seminiferous ●semen || L sēminis, gen. of sēmen : that is sown or planted, seed
sempr– {always}: semper fidelis, semper paratus, sic semper tyrannis, sempervivus, sempre ●sempiternal || L semper : always, at all times
sen– {old}: senate, senectitude, senescent, senile, senior, senopia ●Span. señor ●Port. senhor ●Ital. signore ●Fr. seigneur ●compare juven– ●See also Appendix C || L senex (gen. senis, compar. senior) : aged, old, an old person senectus : old age; senescere : to grow old; senātus : a council of elders, the Senate
sens– {feeling, perception}: consensus, desensitize, dissension, extrasensory, nonsense, sensate, sensation, sense, senseless, sensibility, sensible, sensitive, sensitivity, sensitize, sensor, sensory, sensual, sensuous ●same as sent–2 || L sensus : sensation, feeling, by the senses, perception, judgment, understanding sensum, pp. of sentire : to feel, to experience, to perceive, to realize sensibilis : that can be perceived by the senses IE *sent– : to go, to head for, to find out
sent–1 ●see ent–
sent–2 {feeling, perception}: assent, consent, dissent, presentiment, resent, sentence, sententious, sentient, sentiment, sentinel ●scent ●same as sens– || L sentire (pp. sensum) : to feel, to experience, to perceive, to realize sensus : sensation, feeling, by the senses, perception, judgment, understanding IE *sent– : to go, to head for, to find out
sepsis–, septic– {to rot}: antiseptic, sepsis, septic, septicemia || Gr sēpsis : putrefaction & sēptikos : putrid, rotten sēpein : to make putrid, to rot
sept–1 {seven}: September, septenary, septennial, septet, septillion, septuagenarian, Septuagint, septuple ●see also hept– || L septem : seven IE *septm– : seven
sept–2 {enclosure, partition}: septate, septicidal, septifragal, septum, transept || L saeptum : barrier, wall, enclosure saepire (pp. saeptum) : to surround with a hedge, to hedge in, to enclose saepes : hedge, fence
septic– ●see sepsis–
sequ–, segu– {to follow}: consequence, consequently, non sequitur, obsequious, segue, seguidilla, sequel, sequence, sequential, sequester, subsequent ●same as secu–, sue–, suit– || L sequi (pp. secūtus) : to follow, to accompany, to ensue
seren– {clear, undisturbed}: serenade, serene, serenity ●unrelated: serendipity || L serēnus : clear, bright, fair, serene
seri– {to arrange, to join}: series, serial, seriate, seriatim ●unrelated: serious ●same as sert– || L serere (pp. sertum) : to join together, to put in a row, to connect seriēs : row, succession, chain, series
seri(c)– {silk}: sericeous, sericin, sericulture, serigraph, serine ●serge || L sericum : silk Seres : a people of east Asia known for silk (the Chinese)
sero– {serum}: serology, seronegative, seropurulent, serosa, serotonin, serotype, serous || L serum : the watery part of curdled milk, whey; the watery part or serum of anything
serp– {to creep, serpent}: reserpine, serpent, serpentine, serpigo ●see also herp– || L serpens (gen. serpentis) : snake, creeping animal serpēre (pp. serptum) : to creep
serr– {sawtooth}: serranid, serrated, serration, serrulate ●sierra || L serra : a saw serrātus : saw-toothed, serrate
sert– {to arrange, to join, to bind}: assert, assertive, desert (to abandon), desert (wasteland), desertion, dissertation, exert, exsert, insert ●unrelated: deserts (things deserved), dessert ●same as seri– || L serere (pp. sertum) : to join together, to put in a row, to connect seriēs : row, succession, chain, series
serv–1 {to save, to preserve}: conservative, conserve, observe, preserve, reservation, reserve, reservoir || L servare : to watch over, to keep, to observe, to retain, to stay in a place
serv–2 {to serve}: deserve, disservice, serve, servant, service, serviette, servile, servitude, servo, subservient ●deserts (things deserved), dessert, serf, sergeant || L servire : to be subject to, to be a servant servus : slave servīlis : slavish, servile; servitium : slavery, servitude
sesqui– {one-and-a-half}: sesquicentennial, sesquipedal, sesquipedalian || L sesqui : one half more, half as much again semis : the half + suffix –que : and, also
sess– {to sit}: assess, obsess, possess, sessile, session ●surcease ●same as sed–, sid– ●see also siz– || L sessum, pp. of sedēre : to sit sessio (gen. sessiōnis) : a sitting, the act of sitting IE *sed– : to sit
sest– {six}: sestet, sestina ●siesta ●unrelated: palimpsest ●see also sex–2 || It sesto : sixth L sextus : sixth sex : six IE *seks–, *sweks– : six
set–1 {to put, to place}: beset, handset, inset, offset, onset, outset, preset, reset, set, setback, setoff, setscrew, settee, setter, settle, setup, subset, upset ●unrelated: asset || ME setten OE settan Gmc root satjan
set–2 {bristle}: equisetum, seta, setaceous, setiform, setose ●see also chaet– || L seta saeta : a stiff hair, a bristle †
sever–1 {serious, grave}: asseverate, perseveration, persevere, severe || L sevērus : grave, serious, strict, rigid, stern, severe
sever–2 {to separate}: sever, several, severance ●see also par–4 ●compare join– || ME severen OFr sevrer, severer VL seperare L sēparare : to separate sē– : apart + parare : to prepare
sex–1 {sex, gender}: asexual, bisexual, heterosexual, homosexual, parasexual, sex, sexist, sexology, transsexual, unisex ●unrelated: sexton || L sexus : sex ? secare : to cut
sex–2 {six}: sexagenarian, sexagesimal, sexennial, sexpartite, sext, sextant, sextet, sextillion, sextuple ●semester ●see also sest– ●unrelated: sexton || L sex : six IE *seks–, *sweks– : six
sex–3 {the Saxons}: Essex, Middlesex, Sussex, Wessex ●unrelated: sexton || OE Seaxan : Saxon
sher– {shire}: sheriff, Sherlock, Sherman, Sherwin, Sherwood Forest ●same as shir– || OE scire : shire
shir– {shire}: shire, Shirley ●same as sher– || OE scire : shire
sial– {saliva}: sialagogue, sialodochoplasty, sialoid, sialolith, sialorrhea || Gr sialon : saliva
sibil– {to hiss}: assibilate, sibilant, sibilate || L sībilus : a hissing, a whistling sībilare : to hiss, to whistle
sic– {essential nature of a thing}: extrinsic, intrinsic || L intrinsecus : inward, within & extrinsecus : outward, without secus : following, otherwise (akin to sequi (pp. secūtus) : to follow) IE *sekw– : to follow
sicc– {to dry out}: desiccant, desiccate, exsiccate, siccative ●sack (dry white wine), sec (dry, as wine) || L siccus : dry siccare : to dry out, to desiccate
sid– {to sit}: assiduous, dissident, insidious, preside, president, reside, residence, residential, residual, residue, subside, subsidiary, subsidize, subsidy ●same as sed–, sess– ●see also siz– || L –sidēre (comb. form) (pp. –sessum) sedēre : to sit IE *sed– : to sit
sider– {star}: consider, desiderate, desideratum, sidereal ●desire || L sīdus (gen. sīderis) : star •desire desiderate L dēsīderare : to wish for (“to wish upon a star”)?
sign– {distinctive mark, seal, signal}: assign, assignation, consign, countersign, design, designate, ensign, insignia, resign, sign, signal, signatory, signature, signet, significant, signify || L signum : sign, mark, token, banner, ensign signare : to put a mark on, to inscribe, to impress, to indicate significare : to give a sign, to indicate
sil–1 {to leap}: dissilient, resilient ●same as sal–1, salt–, sault–, sult– || L –silīre (comb. form) (pp. –sultum) salīre (pp. saltum) : to leap, to spring saltus : a leap, a spring IE *sel– : to jump
sil–2 {granary}: ensilage, ensile, silage, silo || Fr Sp L sirus Gr siros : an underground granary, a pit
sim– ●see sembl–, simil–, simpl–, simul–
simi– {ape}: prosimian, simian || L sīmia : ape sīmus : flat-nosed
simil– {same [kind, appearance], alike}: assimilate, dissimilar, dissimilate, facsimile, Similac™, similar, simile, similitude, verisimilitude ●part of sim– || L similis : like, resembling, similar
simpl– {of the same kind, one}: simple, simpleton, simplex, simplify, simplistic ●single, singular ●part of sim– || L simplus : simple, single
simul– {same [kind, appearance, time]}: simulacrum, simulate, simulcast, simultaneous ●part of sim– || L simul : at the same time, at once, together
sin– {bend, curve}: cosine, homolosine, insinuate, sine, sinuous, sinus, sinusoid || L sinus : a bending, curve, fold, a hanging fold of a toga
sine– {without}: sinecure, sine qua non || L sine : without
sinistr– {left [side]}: sinister, sinistral, sinistrorse ●compare dextr– || L sinister : left, on the left hand; wrong, unfavorable
sino– {China, Chinese}: Sino–, Sino-Japanese, Sinologist, Sinophile, Sino-Tibetan || L Sinae Gr Sinai Ar Sin : the Chinese people
siph– {tube, pipe, siphon}: siphon, Siphonoptera, siphonostele, siphonophore, siphuncle || L sīpho (gen. sīphōnis) : siphon Gr siphōn : tube, siphon
sir– {gentleman, lord}: sir, sire ●surly ●Fr. Monsieur ●compare dam–2 || OFr sire : master L senior : elder, compar. of senex : old, aged
sist– {to stand, to cause to stand}: assist, consist, consistent, consistency, consistory, desist, exist, existentialism, insist, persist, resist, subsist, transistor ●see also sta– || L sistere (pp. statum) : to cause to stand, to set, to place, to place oneself, to stand, to stand firm; redup. of stāre (pp. statum) : to stand
sit– {food, grain}: parasite, sitology, sitosterol || Gr sitos : food, grain
situ– {position}: in situ, situate, situation, situs ●site || L situs : layout, site, position, situation situm, pp. of sinere : to place, to put down, to set down ML situāre : to place
siz– {assessment}: assize, size, sizing ●excise (tax) ●see also sed–, sess–, sid– ●size is aphetic for assize || OFr assise : court session asseoir L assidere : to sit in a court session L –sidēre (comb. form) (pp. –sessum) sedēre : to sit IE *sed– : to sit
skel–, scel– {leg}: isosceles, triscele, triskelion ●unrelated: skeleton || Gr skelos : leg
skept–, skeps– {thoughtful, inquiring, to consider}: omphaloskepsis, skeptic, skepticism || Gr skeptikos : thoughtful, inquiring skeptesthai : to consider
skia– {shadow}: skiagraph, skiascope || Gr skia : shadow
soci– {ally, companion, association}: antisocial, associate, association, dissociate, phytosociology, sociable, social, socialism, society, sociology, sociopath || L socius : (adj.) sharing, accompanying, common, (n.) partner, companion, associate sociālis : pertaining to partners or allies; societās : partnership, fellowship, association; sociare : to combine, to associate
sod– {soda ash}: soda, sodium || ML, It, or Sp Ar suwayd : burnt plant (from which soda was produced)
sol–1 {alone}: desolate, sole, soliloquy, solipsism, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solo ●unrelated: isolate || L sōlus : alone, only, sole
sol–2 {to comfort}: consolation, console (all senses), disconsolate, solace || L sōlari : to comfort, to console sōlācium : consolation, solace
sol–3 {the sun}: girasol, insolate, parasol, Sol, solar, solarium, solstice || L sōl : the sun sōlārium : a sundial, a place in the Forum where a sundial stood, a balcony or terrace in the sunlight; solstitium : solstice
sol–4 {to become accustomed, customary, usual}: obsolete, obsolescent, insolent || L solēre : to be accustomed obsolescere (pp. obsolētus) : to go out of use, to wear out
sol–5 {bottom, base, foundation, sole of the foot}: entresol, sole (of the foot), sole (fish), soleplate, solifluction, solum ●soil (earth) || L solum : the bottom or lowest part of anything: soil, ground, earth solea : a leather sole strapped on the foot: a sandal •sole (fish) prob. so-named for its shape
solen– {channel, tube}: solenocyte, solenoglyph, solenoid, solenostele || Gr sōlēn : tube, channel
solid– {firm, whole}: consolidate, solid, solidarity, solidify, solidus || L solidus, soldus : dense, firm, solid; whole, complete, entire solidare : to make solid or firm
solut– {to loosen, to untie}: absolute, absolution, dissolute, dissolution, resolute, resolution, solution ●soluble ●same as solv– || L solūtum, pp. of solvere : to loosen, to untie, to release ( se : apart + luere : to loosen, to release) part. solūtus : loosened, unbound, free; solūtio (gen. solūtiōnis) : a loosening, a solution, an explanation
solv– {to loosen, to untie}: absolve, dissolve, insolvent, resolve, solve, solvent ●same as solut– || L solvere (pp. solūtum): to loosen, to untie, to release ( se : apart + luere : to loosen, to release) part. solūtus : loosened, unbound, free; solūtio (gen. solūtiōnis) : a loosening, a solution, an explanation
som– {body}: chromosome, prosoma, schistosome, soma, trypanosome ●same as somat– || Gr sōma (gen. sōmatos) : the body, as distinguished from the soul
somat– {body}: psychosomatic, somatic, somatology, somatoplasm, somatostatin, somatotrophin, somatotype ●same as som– || Gr sōmatos, gen. of sōma : the body, as distinguished from the soul
somn– {sleep}: insomnia, parasomnia, somnambulate, somniferous, somniloquy, somnolent ●Sominex™ || L somnus : sleep somniare : to dream
son– {sound}: assonant, consonance, consonant, dissonant, resonate, sonata, sone, sonic, sonnet, sonorous, supersonic, unison ●same as sound– || L sōnus : a sound, a noise sonare : to sound, to resound, to make a noise
sond– {to measure the depth of the sea}: ionosonde, radiosonde, ionosonde, sonde ●sound (to measure depth) ●comb. of sub– + ound– || Fr sonde : a sounding line sonder : to sound the depths VL subundare : to submerge L sub : under + unda : a wave
sooth– {truth}: forsooth, sooth, soothfast, soothsayer || ME soth : truth IE *es– : to be
soph– {wisdom}: philosophy, Sophia, sophist, sophisticated, sophomore, theosophy ●compare mor–2 || Gr sophos : clever, skillful, wise sophistēs : wise man, sophist
sopor– {sleep}: sopor, soporiferous, soporific || L sopor : deep sleep
sorb–1 {to suck}: absorb, adsorb, resorb || L sorbēre : to suck in, to drink down, to swallow
sorb–2 {sorb fruit, service tree}: sorb, sorbic acid, sorbitol, sorbose || L sorbus : service tree sorbum : fruit of the service tree: serviceberry
soror– {sister}: sororal, sororicide, sorority ●compare fratr– || L soror (gen. sorōris) : sister sorōritās : sisterhood
sort–1 {to go out}: resort, sortie ●see also sort–2 || Fr sortir : to go out poss. VL sortire L sortitus : chosen, selected by lot sortis, gen. of sors : lot, casting of lots serere : to join together, to arrange, to put in a row, to connect
sort–2 {fate, lot, fortune}: assort, consort, consortium, sort, sortilege ●sorcery ●see also sort–1 || L sortis, gen of sors : lot, casting of lots, to share, to part, fate, fortune, destiny
sote– {deliverance, salvation}: creosote, soteriology || Gr sōtēria : deliverance (in the Bible: salvation) sōtēr : deliverer (in N.T.: savior) sōzein : to save, to rescue sōs, saos : safe and sound prob. IE *twewos– *teuə– : to swell, to be strong
souci– {worry, care}: insouciant, sans souci || Fr soucier : to regard, to care, to trouble
sound– {sound (noise)}: resound, sound ●unrelated: sound (body of water), sound (healthy), sound (to measure depth) ●same as son– || ME soun (with unhistoric –d added in the 16th c.) OFr son L sōnus : a sound, a noise sonare : to sound, to resound, to make a noise
source– {to arise}: resource, source ●see also surg–, surrect– || ME sours OFr sourse pp. of sourdre : to rise L surgere (pp. surrectum) : to rise, to get up, to stand up sub– : under, below + regere : to direct
span– {Spain}: Hispanic, Hispanolia, Spaniard, spaniel, Spanish || LL Spania, aphetic for L Hispania : the Iberian peninsula
spasm–, spast– {to pull, to jerk}: spasm, spasmodic, spastic || Gr spastikos spasmos span : to draw, to pull, to wrench
spast– ●see spasm–
spat(h)– {broad blade}: feldspathic, spathaceous, spathe, spatula, spatulate ●feldspar, spade (card symbol) || L spatha : flat blade, spatula, broadsword Gr spathē : broad blade
spati– {space, distance}: expatiate, spatial, spatiotemporal || L spatium : space, extent, room; a space of time spatiōsus : ample, wide, spacious
spec– {to look, to see}: special, specie, species, specific, specify, specimen, specious, speculate, speculum ●same as spect–, spex–, spic–, spite– || L specere : to look at, to behold, to see species : a seeing, a view, a sight, shape, form, outward appearance, a kind, a species; specimen : a visible mark, token, example IE *spek– : to observe
spect– {to look, to see}: aspect, circumspect, expect, inspect, introspective, perspective, prospect, prospector, prospectus, respect, respective, retrospect, spectacle, spectacular, spectator, specter, spectrum, suspect ●same as spec–, spex–, spic–, spite– || L spectare : to look at carefully, to observe, to watch freq. of specere : to look at, to behold, to see IE *spek– : to observe
spele– {cave}: spelean, speleology, speleothem ●spelunker || L spēlaeum : cave, grotto Gr spēlaion : cave
sper– {favorable, prosperous, hopeful}: desperado, desperate, desperation, Esperanto, prosper, prosperity ●despair ●Sp. Esperanza || L sperare : to look for, to expect, to hope for, to anticipate spēs : expectation, hope, prospects
sperg– {to sprinkle, to scatter}: Asperges, aspergillosis, aspergillum, aspergillus ●same as spers– || L –spergere (comb. form) (pp. –spersum) spargere (pp. sparsum) : to scatter, to strew, to sprinkle
sperm– {seed}: angiosperm, gymnosperm, sperm, spermaceti, spermary, spermatheca, spermatophyte, spermatozoon, spermicide, spermophile || Gr sperma : seed, germ speirein : to sow, to scatter
spers– {to scatter}: asperse, aspersion, aspersorium, disperse, intersperse ●sparse ●same as sperg– || L –spersum, pp. of –spergere (comb. form) spargere (pp. sparsum) : to scatter, to strew, to sprinkle
spex– {one who sees}: auspex, haruspex, Perspex™ ●same as spec–, spect–, spic–, spite– || L –spex : one who sees by divination specere : to look at, to behold, to see IE *spek– : to observe
spher– {sphere}: atmosphere, biosphere, exosphere, hemisphere, ionosphere, sphere, spherical, spheroid, spherometer, stratosphere, troposphere || L sphaera Gr sphaira : sphere
sphygm– {heartbeat, pulse}: sphygmic, sphygmogram, sphygmograph, sphygmoid, sphygmomanometer ●see also sphyx– || Gr sphygmos : the pulse sphyzein : to throb †
sphyx– {heartbeat, pulse}: asphyxia ●see also sphygm– || Gr sphyxis : heartbeat, pulse sphyzein : to throb †
spic– {to look, to see}: auspice, auspicious, conspicuous, despicable, perspicacious, suspicion ●despise, espionage, espy, spy ●more at auspic– ●same as spec–, spect–, spex–, spite– || L –spicere (comb. form) (pp. –spectum) specere : to look at, to behold, to see IE *spek– : to observe
spin–1 {sharp point, spine}: spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spinet, spiniferous, spinifex, spinney, spinose, spinous, spinule, spiny || L spīna : thorn, thorn bush, prickly bones of animals spīnōsus : thorny, prickly
spin–2 {to spin}: spin, spindle, spindly, spinner, spinneret, spinoff, spinster || ME spinnen OE spinnan Gmc root spinnan
spir–1 {breath, life, soul}: aspirate, aspire, conspiracy, conspire, dispirited, expire, inspiration, inspire, perspire, respiration, respire, spiracle, spirit, spiritual, spirograph, spirometer, suspire, transpire ●Fr. esprit || L spīrare : to breathe, to blow spīritus : breath, the breath of life, life, divine breath: inspiration, spirit, disposition
spir–2 {coil, spiral}: acrospire, aspirin, leptospirosis, spiral, spire, spirea, spireme, spiriferous, spirillum, spirochete, spirogyra || L spīra : coil, spiral, twisted thing Gr speira : spiral, coil
spite– {to look, to see}: despite, respite, spite ●same as spec–, spect–, spex–, spic– || OFr –spit (comb. form) L –spectus –spicere (comb. form) (pp. –spectum) specere : to look at, to behold, to see IE *spek– : to observe
splanchn– {viscera}: splanchnic, splanchnology || Gr splanchnon : viscera, gut
splen– {spleen}: splenectomy, splenetic, splenic, splenomegaly || Gr splēn : spleen
splend– {to shine}: resplendent, splendid, splendor || L splendor : brilliance, brightness, luster splendēre : to shine, to glitter, to be bright
spond– {promise, pledge}: correspond, correspondent, despondent, respond, respondent, transponder ●same as spons– || L spondēre (pp. sponsum) : to pledge, to promise solemnly, to engage sponsor : a surety, a guarantor
spondyl– {vertebra}: spondylitis, spondylolisthesis, spondylomalacia, spondylosis || Gr spondylos : vertebra
spons– {promise, pledge}: irresponsible, response, responsible, sponsion, sponsor ●same as spond– || L sponsum, pp. of spondēre : to pledge, to promise solemnly, to engage sponsor : a surety, a guarantor; sponsio (gen. sponsiōnis) : a solemn promise, a pledge, a guarantee
spor– {to scatter}: diaspora, exosporium, sporadic, sporangium, spore, sporophyte || Gr spora : a sowing, a seed
spum– {foam}: spume, spumescent, spumoni || L spūma : foam, froth spūmare : to foam, to froth
squad– {square}: squad, squadron ●see also quadr– || •squadron It. squadrone squadro : square, fem. of quadrus : square. •squad Fr. escouade Sp escuadra or It squadra VL exquadrare L quadrare : to square quadrum : quadrum : square quattuor : four IE *kwetwer– : four
st– {to stand}: arrest, contrast, cost, imprest, oust, rest (remainder), rest (to be, to remain, to keep), restive, stare decisis ●unrelated: rest (relaxation) ●same as sta– || OFr –ster (comb. form) L stāre : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
sta– {to stand}: ●see sist–, st–, stabl–, stant–, stas–, stat–1, stat–2, stem–, stet–, stic–, stitu–, substant–
stabl– {to stand}: antidisestablishmentarianism, constable, constabulary, disestablish, establish, stabile, stability, stabilize, stable (all senses) ●same as sta– || L stabulum : standing-room, quarters, stable & stabilis : firm, stable; both stāre (pp. statum) : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
stalact–, stalagm– {to drip}: stalactite, stalagmite || •stalactite Gr stalaktos : trickling or dropping •stalagmite Gr stalagmos : a dropping •both stalassein : to let fall drop by drop, to drop or drip
stalagm– ●see stalact–
stals–, stalt– {to put, to place}: peristalsis, systaltic ●same as stol–, stle– || Gr –staltikos stellein : to place, to put in order
stalt– ●see stals–
stamin– {standing}: stamina (all senses), staminate, staminiferous, staminode ●stamen, stammell || L stāmen (gen. stāminis) : thread; orig. the upright thread (warp) in a loom; thread of life spun by the Fates
stanc– ●see stant–
stand– {to stand}: bystander, outstanding, stand, standard, standby, standoff, standpipe, standpoint, standstill, substandard, understand, upstanding, withstand ●see also sta– || ME standen OE standan Gmc root standan IE *stā– : to stand
stann– {tin}: stannary, stannic, stannite, stannous || LL stannum : tin L stannum : a mixture of silver and lead
stant–, stanc– {to stand}: circumstance, Constance, constant, Constantine, distant, extant, happenstance, instance, instant, stance, stanch, stanchion, substance (→substant–) ●stanza, staunch ●Span. estancia ●same as sta– || OFr L stans (gen. stantis), prp. of stāre (pp. statum) : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
staphyl– {bunch of grapes}: staphylococcus, staphyloplasty, staphylorrhaphy || Gr staphylē : a bunch of grapes
stas– {to stand}: Anastasia, apostasy, ecstasy, homeostasis, metastasize, stasis ●see also sta– || Gr stasis : a standing histanai : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
stat–1 {to stand}: astatine, ecstatic, hemostat, prostate, rheostat, –stat, static, statoblast, statocyst, thermostat ●see also sta– || Gr statos : standing, one who is standing histanai : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
stat–2 {to stand}: estate, instate, reinstate, state (all senses), statement, statim (med. abbr. stat.), station, stationary, stationery, statistics, stator, statue, statuesque, stature, status, statute, statutory ●see also sta– || L statum, pp. of stāre : to stand, to stand still statuere (pp. statūtim) : to cause to stand, to place, to set up; status : a standing, a standing position; statio (gen. statiōnis) : a standing, standing still; statua : a standing image, a statue IE *stā– : to stand
staur– {to restore, to set up again, to rebuild}: instauration, restaurant, restaurateur || L –staurare (comb. form) : to set up, to renew, to restore
stead– {a place, to stand in place}: bedstead, homestead, instead, roadstead, stead, –stead (in place names, as Hampstead, Worstead), steadfast, steady || ME stede : a place
stear– {fat}: stearate, stearic, stearin, stearoptene ●steapsin ●same as steato– || Gr stear (gen. steatos) : tallow
steat(o)– {fat}: steatite, steatolysis, steatopygia, steatorrhea ●same as stear– || Gr steato, gen. of stear : tallow
steep– {high, lofty}: steep, steeple, steeplechase, steeplejack || OE steap : lofty, high
stel– {pillar, post, slab}: stele, siphonostele, solenostele || Gr stēlē : post, slab
stell– {star}: constellation, Estelle, Stella, stellar, stellate || L stella : star
stem– {to place, to put, to cause to stand}: epistemology, system ●same as sta– || •system Gr systēma (gen systēmatos) synistanai : to place together syn– : together + histanai : to stand •epistemology Gr epistēmē : knowledge epistanai : to understand, to believe epi : above, alongside + histanai : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
steno– {narrow}: stenography, stenohygric, stenoky, stenophagous, stenosis, stenotopic, stenotype ●compare eury– || Gr stenos : narrow
ster– {hard, solid, three-dimensional}: cholesterol, sitosterol, stere, steroid, sterol ●more at stereo–, sterone– || Gr stereos : solid, cubic
stereo– {three-dimensional}: stereophonic, stereopticon, stereoscope, stereotype ●part of ster– || Gr stereos : solid, hard, three–dimensional
stern– {sternum}: sternalgia, sternotomy, sternum, xiphisternum ●unrelated: stern || Gr sternon : breastbone IE *ster– : to spread out
sterone– {steroid}: androsterone, corticosterone (cortisone), progesterone, testosterone ●part of ster– || –sterol cholesterol Gr stereos : solid, stiff
stet– {to stand}: obstetrics, stet ●same as sta– || •obstetrics L obstetrix (gen. obstetrīcis) : lit., she who stands before stāre (pp. statum) : to stand •stet L stet : let it stand – 3rd pers. sing. pres. subj. of stāre IE *stā– : to stand
sthen– {strength}: asthenia, asthenopia, asthenosphere, calisthenics, Demosthenes, Eratosthenes, myasthenia, sthenic || Gr sthenos : strength
stic– {to stand}: armistice, interstice, solstice ●see also sta– || MFr L –stitium (comb. form) : a causing to stand sistere : to cause to stand, to set, to place, to stand, to stand firm; redup. of stāre (pp. statum) : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
stic(h)– {row, line, line of verse}: acrostic, distich, hemistich, orthostichy, pentastich, stich, stichometry, stichomythia, telestich || Gr stichos : a line of verse or prose
stig– {to goad, to incite}: instigate ●see also stigm–, styl–1 || L instīgare : to goad, to incite
stigm– {a point, to prick with a point}: anastigmat, astigmatism, physostigmine, stigma, stigmata, stigmatize ●see also stig–, styl–1 || Gr stigma : a prick with a pointed instrument
still– {a drip, a drop}: distill, distillate, instill, still (distillery) || L stillare : to drip, to drop stilla : a drop
stin– ●see destin–
stinct–, stingu– {to separate}: distinct, distinctive, distinguish, extinct, extinguish, instinct || L stinguere (pp. stinctum) : to quench, to extinguish, to annihilate •semantic relationship between the three forms is uncertain
stingu– ●see stinct–
stitu– {to cause to stand, to set up, to place}: constituent, constitute, constitution, destitute, institute, institution, prostitute, restitution, substitute ●see also sta– || L –stituere (comb. form) (pp. –stitūtum) statuere (pp. statūtum) : to set up, to place, to cause to stand stāre (pp. statum) : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
stle– {to send}: apostle, epistle ●same as stals–, stol– || Gr stellein : to place, to put in order
stol– {to put, to place, to send}: apostolic, diastole, epistolary, systole ●same as stals–, stle– || Gr stellein : to place, to put in order
stom– {mouth, mouthlike part, opening}: anastomosis, colostomy, ostomy, peristome, stoma, stomach, stomatic, stomatology, stomatopod, stomatous,–stome,–stomy || Gr stoma : mouth
stor–1 {to erect, to place, to restore}: restore, storage, store ●same as staur– || OFr estorer, restorer L –staurare (comb. form) : to set up, to renew, to restore
stor–2 {inquiry, learning, historical narrative, tale}: story (all senses), storyboard, storybook, storyteller || ME storie OFr estoire L historia : an inquiry, hence: the results of an inquiry Gr historia : a learning by inquiry, narrative histōr : knowing, learned
strab– {to squint, hence: the eye muscles}: strabismus, strabotomy ●see also strob– || Gr strabizein : to squint strabos : twisted
strain– {to squeeze, to press}: constrain, distrain, restrain, strain ●same as strait–, stress–, strict–, string– || OFr –streindre (comb. form) L stringere (pp. strictum) : to draw tight together, to bind, to tie
strait– {to squeeze, to press}: strait, straiten, straitjacket, strait-laced, strait ●distraught ●same as strain–, stress–, strict–, string– || OFr estreit L strictus : narrow, restricted stringere (pp. strictum) : to draw tight together, to bind, to tie
strat–1 {military}: stratagem, strategic, strategy, stratocracy || Gr stratos : army stratēgema : a general (of the army)
strat–2 {to stretch out, to spread out flat, a covering, a layer}: cirrostratus, prostrate, straticulate, stratify, stratigraphy, stratocumulus, stratosphere, stratum, stratus, substrate ●street || L strātus, pp. of sternere : to stretch out, to spread out, to strew, to spread strātum : a covering, a pavement
strepto– {twisted}: streptococcus, streptokinase, streptomycin ●see also stroph– || Gr streptos : twisted strephein : to turn
stress– {to squeeze, to press}: distress, stress ●same as strain–, strait–, strict–, string– || OFr estresse, destresse L strictus : narrow, restricted stringere (pp. strictum) : to draw tight together, to bind, to tie
strict– {to squeeze, to press}: abstriction, boa constrictor, constrict, district, restrict, strict, stricture, vasoconstrictor ●same as strain–, strait–, stress–, string– || L strictus : narrow, restricted stringere (pp. strictum) : to draw tight together, to bind, to tie
strid– {harsh, shrill}: strident, stridor, stridulate, stridulous ●unrelated: stride || L strīdēre : to make a harsh noise, to creak, to grate strīdor : a harsh noise: creaking, grating
string– {to squeeze, to press}: astringent, stringent ●same as strain–, strait–, stress–, strict– || L stringere (pp. strictum) : to draw tight together, to bind, to tie
strob– {to whirl, whirlwind}: strobe, strobila, strobile, strobilus, stroboscope ●see also strab– || Gr strobos : a twisting around, a whirlwind
stroph– {a turn, a twist}: anastrophe, antistrophe, apostrophe, catastrophe, diastrophism, exstrophy, strophe ●see also strepto– || Gr strophē : a turning, a twist strephein : to turn
stru– {to build}: construe, instrument ●destroy ●same as struct– || OFr L –struere (comb. form) (pp. –structum) struere (pp. structum) : to put together, to put in order, to pile up, to build, to erect, to arrange, to prepare
struct– {to build}: construct, destruction, infrastructure, instruct, obstruct, restructure, self-destruct, structure, substruction, superstructure ●Russ. perestroika ●same as stru– || L structum, pp. of struere : to put together, to put in order, to pile up, to build, to erect, to arrange, to prepare
stud– {to study}: student, studio, studious, study, understudy ●étude, etui || L studēre : to be eager, to be earnest, to take pains, to strive after, to be busy with, to apply oneself studium : zeal, eagerness, striving •étude Fr study •etui Fr ult. studium
stup– {to stun, to be senseless}: stupefy, stupendous, stupid, stupor || L stupēre : to be stunned, to be struck senseless, to be astounded stupidus : stunned, senseless, stupid
styl–1 {point, pointed instrument, writing instrument, writing style, style}: style, stylet, stylish, stylist, stylize, stylograph, stylus ●stiletto ●see also stig–, stigm– || L stilus : a pointed instrument used by the Romans wrote on waxen tablets (stylus), hence: a writing, a written composition, a mode of writing or speaking, style •spelling prob. influenced by unrelated Gr stylos : pillar
styl–2 {pillar, column}: amphistylar, astylar, epistyle, hypostyle, peristyle, prostyle, stylite, stylobate || Gr stylos : pillar
suad–, suag–, suas–, suav– {sweet, pleasant}: assuage, assuasive, dissuade, persuade, persuasion, suasion, suave ●soave || L suāvis : sweet, pleasant, agreeable, delightful suādēre (pp. suāsum) : to present in a pleasing manner, hence: to recommend, to advise suāsio (gen. suāsiōnis) : recommending, advice
suag– ●see suad–
suas– ●see suad–
suav– ●see suad–
substanc– ●see substant–
substant–, substanc– {substance, essence, means of subsistence}: consubstantiation, substance, substantial, substantiate, substantive, transubstantiation ●part of stant– || L substantia sub : under, below + stāre (pp. statum) : to stand IE *stā– : to stand
suct– {to suck}: suction, suctorial || L suctum, pp. of sūgere : to suck
sud– {sweat}: exude, sudatorium, sudatory, sudoriferous, sudorific, transude || L sūdor : sweat sūdare : to sweat sūdātōrium : a sweating-bath
sue– {to follow}: ensue, pursue, sue ●same as secu–, sequ–, suit– || OFr –suir, –suivre (comb. forms) VL –sequere (comb. form) L sequi (pp. secūtus) : to follow, to accompany, to ensue
suet– {to become accustomed}: consuetude, desuetude, mansuetude ●unrelated: suet ●see also custom– || L suētum, pp. of suescere : to become accustomed
sui– {self}: suicide, sui generis, sui juris ●Fr. soi ●same as se– || L suī, gen. of sē : himself, herself, itself, themselves
suit– {to follow, a sequence}: lawsuit, pursuit, suit (all senses), suitable, suitcase, suite, suitor ●same as secu–, sequ–, sue– || OFr suite : a pursuit, suit [action of suing], suit [set of garments], sequence VL sequita, fem. pp. of sequere L sequi (pp. secūtus) : to follow, to accompany, to ensue
sul– ●see consul–
sult– {to jump}: desultory, exult, insult, result ●unrelated: consult ●same as sal–1, salt–, sault–, sil–1 || L –sultare (freq. comb. form) L salīre (pp. saltum) : to leap, to spring saltus : a leap, a spring IE *sel– : to jump
sum– {to take}: assume, assumption, consume, presume, presumptuous, resume, résumé, subsume, sumptuary, sumptuous ●see also em– || L sūmere (pp. sumptum) : to take, to choose, to obtain, to take upon oneself, to assume sub : under, below + emere : to take, to buy, to purchase
summ– {highest, top level}: consummate, summa, summa cum laude, summarize, summary, summation, summit, summum bonum ●consommé, sum ●superlative of supr– || L adj. summus, noun summa : highest, at the top superl. of superus : above, over
sundr– {apart, separated}: asunder, sunder, sundry || ME sundren OE sundrian sundor : asunder Gmc root
super– {above, over}: insuperable, super, superannuated, superb, supercargo, supercharge, supercilious, superficial, superfluous, superheterodyne, superimpose, superintendent, superior, superjacent, superlative, supernal, supernumerary, superscript, supersede, superstition, superstructure, supervene, supervise ●supremacy, supreme ●part of supr– || L superus, super– : above, situated above, upper; compar. superior, superl. suprēmus & summus
supr– ●see super–, supra– ●same as sur–2 ●superlative forms: summ–, supreme ●compare infr– ●see also Appendix B || L superus, super– : above, situated above, upper; compar. superior, superl. suprēmus & summus
supra– {over, above, beyond}: supralapsarian, supraliminal, supranational, suprarenal ●soprano ●part of supr– || L suprā, adv. and prep. form of super : above, over
sur–1 {certain, secure}: assurance, assure, ensure, insurance, insure, reassure, sure, sure-fire, sure-footed, surely, surety || OFr seur L sēcūrus : free from care sē (gen. suī) : himself, herself, itself, apart from + cura : care, concern, attention, trouble
sur–2 {over, beyond}: insurmountable, surcharge, surcoat, surface, surfeit, surmount, surname, surpass, surplus, surprise, surrealism, surrender, surtax, surveillance, survey, survive ●same as supr– || OFr sur–, sour– L super, suprā : over, above
sur–3 {below, under, from under}: surreal, surrender, surreptitious, surrogate ●same as sub– : under, used before –r || L sub– used before stems beginning with r
surd– {insensible, irrational}: absurd, surd || L surdus : deaf, speechless & absurdus : not to be heard of, not sensible
surg– {to rise up}: assurgent, insurgent, resurgent, surge ●same as surrect– ●see also source– || L surgere (pp. surrectum) : to rise, to get up, to stand up sub– : under, below + regere : to direct
surrect– {to rise up}: insurrection, resurrection ●comb. of sub– + rect– ●same as surg– ●see also source– || L surrectum, pp. of surgere : to rise, to get up, to stand up sub– : under, below + regere : to direct
swain– {youth, shepherd, attendant}: boatswain, coxswain, swain || ME swein ON sveinn : boy, servant; akin to OE swan : shepherd, peasant youth
syc– {fig}: syconium, sycophant, sycosis ●unrelated: sycamore || Gr sykos : fig
sylv– {forest}: Pennsylvania, sylvan, Sylvester, Sylvia, Transylvania ●sylph || L silva : a wood, a forest Silvānus : god of woods and forests
sym– ●see syn–
syn–, sym– {with, together}: asymmetric, asymptote, idiosyncrasy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, symphony, symposium, symptom, synagogue, synapse, synchronize, syncopate, syndicate, syndrome, synergy, synod, synonym, synopsis, syntax, synthesis, synthetic ●more at synchro– || Gr syn : with, together, at the same time. By assimilation, syn– becomes syl– before l; sym– before b, m, p; in some cases sys– before h, s; in some cases sy– before s.
synchro– {timed together, keeping the same time and/or speed}: synchro, synchroscope, synchrotron ●comb. of syn– + chron– || Gr synchronos : contemporary syn : with, together + chronos : time
* Unattested, hypothesized
† Unknown origin
288 entries found.
Copyright © 2004–07 Daniel M. Short. All Rights Reserved.
